Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Abnormal uterine bleeding describes any menstrual bleeding that falls outside the normal range in timing, duration, or volume. This includes periods that are unusually heavy or prolonged, cycles that are shorter or longer than typical, and bleeding that occurs between periods or after the menopause. It is one of the most common gynaecological complaints among women, accounting for a large proportion of outpatient consultations.
Key points
- Hormonal imbalance and physical changes in the uterus, such as fibroids or polyps, are both common underlying causes.
- The oestrogen-progesterone balance is a frequent trigger, and stress, weight change or thyroid problems can tip it further.
- Progestogen medicines are central to treatment, helping shorten heavy periods and bring cycle timing back under control.
What drives it
The causes range from hormonal imbalance and structural changes in the uterus to conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome, fibroids, or endometrial polyps. In reproductive-age women, a disrupted relationship between oestrogen and progesterone is the most frequent culprit. Stress, significant weight change, and thyroid dysfunction can all tip this balance.
Hormonal treatment options
For cases driven by hormonal imbalance, progestogens are a cornerstone of management. Norethindrone is a synthetic progestogen used to regulate cycle length and reduce heavy flow, while medroxyprogesterone works similarly and is widely used for both short-term cycle control and longer-term management. Both belong to the broader field of women’s health medicine.
If bleeding is severe, sudden, or accompanied by dizziness or signs of anaemia, medical evaluation should not be delayed.