Gastric Ulcer
A gastric ulcer is an open sore that forms in the stomach’s inner lining when the protective mucus layer breaks down and stomach acid damages the tissue beneath. The most common triggers are infection with the bacterium H. pylori and prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or aspirin. Stress and spicy food alone rarely cause ulcers, though they can worsen symptoms.
Key points
- The protective mucus lining breaks down, allowing stomach acid to damage the tissue beneath and form an open sore.
- Pain tends to worsen soon after a meal, the reverse of a duodenal ulcer, where food usually brings relief.
- Cutting acid production with a proton pump inhibitor lets the stomach lining heal, while misoprostol protects it if NSAIDs cannot be stopped.
Recognising the pain
The hallmark is a burning or gnawing ache in the upper abdomen, often worse shortly after eating (unlike duodenal ulcers, which typically ease with food). Other signs include bloating, nausea, a feeling of fullness after small meals, and occasional dark or tarry stools. Seek medical attention promptly if you notice vomiting blood or very dark stools, as these may indicate bleeding.
How gastric ulcers heal
Treatment focuses on reducing acid and, if H. pylori is present, clearing the infection. Medicines from the digestive health category are central to this: proton pump inhibitors suppress acid production, giving the lining time to repair. Misoprostol is an option in cases where NSAID use cannot be stopped, as it helps protect and restore the stomach lining.